CNC SPINDLE TORQUE:
Torque describes the rotational “strength” of a spindle motor and is equal to force times unit length measured in
When choosing a spindle to buy be sure to check the units. It makes a significant difference.
CNC spindle torque will reflect how strong the motor theoretically is, and I say theoretically because as you'll find out a little lower in the conversation, torque is not consistent through your spindle's range of speeds or rpm's. But before we discuss that, think about the last $19.99 drill you bought and how easy it was to grab the chuck and stall out the motor. That’s a machine with NO torque. Good luck if you’re working with hard maple or hickory. Expect a little swearing in the process.
Thus buying a CNC spindle with enough torque will be one of the keys to maximizing what you can do with your router.
The general rule is the larger the diameter of cutter and the harder the material is, and, the more material you wish to remove per cut (productivity), the greater the amount of torque you're going to need.
Torque Curves:
 A "torque curve" is a graph that show the relationship between the speed or RPM’s of a spindle and its torque.
Note: that with most spindles as speed increases the torque decreases, a detail that is of significance when assessing your needs. Don't just rely on your tooling supplier to be totaly honest about this, as most will want to talk about maximun output even though often that is totally unattainable... you want to know what to expect at the RPM range that you expect to spend most of your time working in!
Also note that not all manufacturers provide a torque curve for their CNC spindles. More often you are given a hp ratings instead, but given the hp rating and knowing the type of motor, the torque curve can be estimated since that the two are related…. So this might be an appropriate time to discuss CNC Spindle Power, which is in fact measured in horsepower or watts.
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